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| 1237 |
| | | Batu Khan and his Mongols sweep into Russia, where they and their descendants become known as the Golden Horde | |
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| c. 1240 |
| | | A warlord, Sundiata, conquers Ghana and establishes the kingdom of Mali | |
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| c. 1240 |
| | | Haakon IV is the first ruler to build up a strong Norway, some two centuries after the region becomes a single kingdom | |
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| 1240 |
| | | Alexander, a Russian prince, defeats a Swedish army on the frozen river Neva, thus winning his name Alexander Nevksy | |
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| 1241 |
| | | Mongols of the Golden Horde defeat the Poles at Legnica and ravage the city of Cracow | |
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| 1241 |
| | | Mongols of the Golden Horde reach Hungary, where they graze their horses for the summer before withdrawing to the Volga | |
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| 1243 |
| | | Construction begins in Paris on the Sainte Chapelle, designed to house relics acquired by Louis IX, the king of France | |
|  | Sainte Chapelle
Fotofile CG
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| 1244 |
| | | The siege of the Catharist stronghold of Montségur ends when 200 heretics are herded into a wooden stockade and are burnt | |
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| 1248 |
| | | Birger Jarl establishes a dynasty which brings all Sweden under a single rule | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | | Tannhäuser is one of the Minnesinger, the German equivalents of the French troubadours | |
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